Learning Model of Information Technology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Learning Model of Information Technology. Answer: Introduction Information technology has dominated todays world and every organization is looking forward to incorporate technology in its operations (Kyriazis et al 2018, p. 10). Technology incorporation in organizations business has been an up-hill task that requires specialized organizations to help in setting up the services. Despite setting up IT infrastructure, maintenance remains a key part that has been disguising many organizations that require IT services (Kyriazis et al 2018, p. 18). This project will focus on the following sections; application and use of information technology in Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), uses of IT infrastructure to address and achieve its business organizational business processes, available technological equipment used in various departments to support business processes and operating systems and other application software that TCS uses in both client and servers systems (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 289). Similarly, the project would address movemen t of email messages on the Internet Protocol (IP), the type of organizational networks in use and application architecture proposal in Human resources department. In this regard, the main objective of the report would be to access use information technology in the organization. To achieve this, the following aspect would be analyzed; the context of services offered by TCS, services offered by at the TCS, ease of accessing TCS services by both staff and clients and organizational ability to sustain its business as well as support other organizations run on scalable IT infrastructure. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has a range of services that it offers to other organizations in their bid to incorporate IT services in the business operations. First, TCS offer support to major telecom companies to set up cloud-based services that are both scalable and robust in order to help them boost IT productivity (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 300). In order to offer efficient system development services, TCS has put in place centralized management system lifecycle and documentation that is used to develop customers system. In its API platform that offers system, TCS uses three based approach in developing its applications; API lifecycles, developing and testing application pipeline and developing systems advanced features such as API analytics and integrating system monitoring with external tools. To prove TCS services worth and scalable, organizations such as Telia were able to steer their business by improving its productivity, it also improved its market time and m ade its services cost efficiency. Secondly, TCS has put in place measures to help other organizations to secure their data. Increase in cyber security threats have made it challenging for organizations to secure their data and business operations. To solve cyber security challenges, TCS has come up with a DPL cyber security solution which is SDLC compliant (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 306). The security program offered was able to save organization from all vicious activities that seemed threat to organizational operations. To authenticate its security measures on cyber threat, TCS has helped a European bank to automate its services by helping it to restructure its management incident processes, lowered its manual operational efforts and boost data security as well as minimize data leaks and false positivity. Additionally, TCS through its technology application has made many organizations data driven-enterprises. It has made data accessible and secure by making organization s access big data. Generally, big data is believed to open door and other avenues for organizational success by making organizations access and secure their data. Data structures and usage of IT infrastructure TCS is an organization that has a leverage of capabilities and can handle data in many forms. In order to capture a diverse market, TCS has employed various methodologies to store and retrieve required data. The methodology chosen depends with subject client need as well as TCS capability to offer similar service efficiently. To offer convenient services, TCS has to store and maintain some information about its clients. To make this practical, it has created information system that helps it store clients information and services they provide to them (Breitgand et al 2018, p. 95). The subject information system is meant for TCS only. It offers both storage and retrieval capabilities. First, it has implemented database which I capable to store all forms of data such as images inform of blobs, raw integers and strings. Its database is segmented in relation to services offered to the subject organization. In an example, if subject organization requires services from the TCS, it is catego rized as service client under consultation department. To makes its services secure, it does not require a third party to manage its database. It has developed internally hosted server which is capable to handle this data in a more convenient way and without delay. To make its services more robust, it has implemented organizational ERP which helps its client to generate requests for services. This has made it possible for the company to attract more clients because its services are accessible worldwide. In case client organizations to transform its services, TCS makes use of remote connection software to access clients data. Clients services within TCS are subdivided according to the needs of the customers. In this regard, IT infrastructure differs from department to the other. An example from development department includes both Linux and windows applications to help organization to access robust services as required. There is a close collaboration between hosting and development d epartment because some of the application developed by TCS for clients are hosted from within the organization in order to facilitate easy maintenance. Finally, TCS has implemented strong firewalls software to secure organizational data from unauthorized access by hackers. Network equipment and their functions To make organizational business process successful, several devices are required. These devices are used in various TCS departments such as networking department. This is the department where organizational network is developed and maintained. It is the same department where clients networks are setup and run from. Since network is very sensitive in any organization, its security is of paramount and should be taken with required weight (Ross, McEvilley Ore 2018,p. 845). The first equipment involves routers which are used to segment and share organizational network. TCS network is divided into administrative and general network. To divide this network, organization has used router to categorize departments into either administrative or general (Tate et al 2018, p. 56). Since all departments have administrative sections, they must be provided with all capabilities. To make organizational management easy, all departments administrative sections are housed under administration building in order to share common network without restrictions. Without routers, network segmentation and maintenance would not be possible. Next, firewalls are very significant in the networking. They are used to filter all signals entering and leaving the organization (Siegal et al 2018, p. 146). It is only through firewall that security of the organization is set and no unauthorized user would penetrate to organizational network. Additionally, all departments would require computers which would be used to access organizational data and communicate to other organizations. It is only through computers that all information system capabilities achieved. Further, hosting department would require servers to host range of applications so that they are available to customers as cloud services (Anglin et al 2018, 904). In the same hosting department, radio transmitters would be of great use since they would be used to receive and sent network signals to all customers destinations. Consequently, sw itches would be used to in almost all departments but mainly would be in technical support where all signals would be distributed to the required sections. Switch functionality in this case is very crucial when it comes to data sharing and nodes communication (Breitgand et al 2018, p. 85). It is able to analyze data destination and originality address to determine which computer is to have sent and would receive a given piece of data. Operating system and application software specifications To access and get services from TCS Company, all staffs and clients are requested to meet some software requirements for security measures. To all window operating system users, they are to run on windows 7 or higher version (Oshri, Kotlarsky Willcocks 2008, p. 290). This helps organization to set all required features for users because most of the windows7 or later versions have no compatibility issues. This makes possible to establish remote desktop connection when need be. On the same note, those running on Linux should be able to make required connection secure without compromising systems security (Cha,Pingry Thatcher 2008, p. 283). Since Linux is very powerful and can be used to sabotage organizational data, those using Linux are requested to register with TCS security department so that they can be provided with authentication procedures. Apart from operating systems, applications software is restricted to some specification in order to connect to TCS data or systems (Jain Shanbhag 2012, p. 29). All browsers are required to be up to date. This is meant to prevent dubious activities from taking place. Some browsers are known to be vulnerable to hackers and malwares and can easily transmit viruses to organizational system. Consequently, all database and API development are to be done with SQL 2012 versions or later (Davne et al 2014, p. 278). This improves security parameters because all latest application software is believed to be integrated with up to date security parameters. Internet communication protocols are segmented into layers. These layers are structured to facilitate efficient communication over the internet. In this case, since communication is over the internet, TCP model would be discussed. TCP model is made up of five layers which correspond to OSI model 7 layers (Li et al 2018, p. 296). Each layer is made to communicate with its adjacent layer, either below or above it. The physical layer is used to encode and decode data bits that are found in the frame and contains transceiver that is used to sends and receives all signals in the network. The second layer is data link layer which creates required data frames as they move across the network model. The data frames are used to encapsulate all data bits and make use of available MAC addresses in the data frames to identify both destination and source address of the data (Oshri, Fenema Kotlarsky 2008, p. 612). The next layer is network, which tasked with creating data packets as messages moves across the network. In this layer, IP addresses are used to identify data packets both destination and source addresses. Further, the transport layer in the network is used to establish any required applications running on the other different hosts (Shaashua, Shaashua Neura Inc 2018, p. 865). Its main function is to monitor all applications above it by facilitating them with port numbers as well as use network layer to communicate with TCP/IP network. Finally, application layer is where all applications that need network communication reside. Some of the applications that are found in application layer are; browsers and email clients. There are several types of network that TCS have implemented. In this case, two types of network would be discussed because they dominate many departments in the organization. First, LAN is common in many of TCS departments because it is simple to implement across buildings (Noe et al, 2003, p. 89). The main reason of using LAN in TCS Company is because of its flexibility to be expanded into Wide area network (WAN). LAN facilitates communication of terminals across the organization while WAN facilitates communication with other organizations over a long distance (Laudon Laudon 2016, p. 46). TCS uses LAN for internal communication purpose between departments. On the same note, WAN is used to offer communication service to clients. Human resource department makes use of information system to capture organizational employees data and clients that get their services from TCS. To make its information flow accordingly, its system interact with various sections of the organizations in orde r to make service delivery efficient (Green et al 2018, p. 414). Human resource application interfaces with; clients ordering, administration protocol. Conclusion IT services are on demand by almost all organizations. This have created need to come up with specialized organization such as TCS to fill this gap. TCS offers services such as supporting major telecom companies, providing cyber security services and offering big data solutions to various organizations. TCS makes use of almost all available major data structures in order to fulfill all clients needs. Due to clients demand, it would be inappropriate to limit its data storage in a certain type of data structure. Organizations are moving from relational database to OOP due to growing demand to store images as data. To secure organizational and client data, TCS makes use of equipment such as routers to segment network, switches, bridges, network firewalls and radio transceivers. The OS and application software are very important aspect when it comes to specifications required to access services from TCS Company. Its a requirement that all software be up to data as required. To implement its network, TCS has made use of LAN and WAN because they are highly correlated. The project should continue to help organizations realize technological use. It should focus on big data access and cyber security threats to big data in order to make IT implementation more reliable. Bibliography Anglin, M.J., Cannon, D.M., Dawson, C.S., Fruchtman, B., Haye, M.A. and Martin, H.N., International Business Machines Corp, 2018.Replication of data objects from a source server to a target server. U.S. Patent 9,910,904. Breitgand, D., Da Silva, D.M., Epstein, A., Glikson, A., Hines, M.R., Ryu, K.D. and Silva, M.A., International Business Machines Corp, 2018.Dynamic virtual machine resizing in a cloud computing infrastructure. U.S. Patent 9,858,095. Cha, H.S., Pingry, D.E. and Thatcher, M.E., 2008. Managing the knowledge supply chain: an organizational learning model of information technology offshore outsourcing.Mis Quarterly, pp.281-306. Davne, J., Volkov, A., Yankelevich, M. and Malamud, M., Cloudnexa, 2014.Managing services in a cloud computing environment. U.S. Patent 8,910,278. Green, J.P., Chandnani, A.D. and Christensen, S.D., Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC, 2018.Detecting script-based malware using emulation and heuristics. U.S. Patent 9,858,414. Jain, A.K. and Shanbhag, D., 2012. Addressing security and privacy risks in mobile applications.IT Professional,14(5), pp.28-33. Kyriazis, D., Menychtas, A., Kousiouris, G., Boniface, M., Cucinotta, T., Oberle, K., Voith, T., Oliveros, E. and Berger, S., 2018. A real-time service oriented infrastructure.GSTF Journal on Computing (JoC),1(2). Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M., 2003.Gaining a competitive advantage. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J. and Willcocks, L., 2008. Managing dispersed expertise in IT offshore outsourcing: lessons from Tata Consultancy Services. InOutsourcing Global Services (pp. 288-310). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Oshri, I., Van Fenema, P. and Kotlarsky, J., 2008. Knowledge transfer in globally distributed teams: the role of transactive memory.Information Systems Journal,18(6), pp.593-616. Ross, R.S., McEvilley, M. and Oren, J.C., 2018.Systems Security Engineering: Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems [including updates as of 1-03-2018](No. Special Publication (NIST SP)-800-860). Shaashua, T.M. and Shaashua, O., Neura Inc, 2018.Physical environment profiling through internet of things integration platform. U.S. Patent 9,871,865. Siegal, J., Rowell, S. and Hintz, T., Open Invention Network LLC, 2018.Method and system for providing online authentication utilizing biometric data. U.S. Patent 9,911,146. Tate, J., Beck, P., Ibarra, H.H., Kumaravel, S. and Miklas, L., 2018.Introduction to storage area networks. IBM Redbooks. Li, P., Chen, Z., Yang, L.T., Zhang, Q. and Deen, M.J., 2018. Deep convolutional computation model for feature learning on big data in Internet of Things.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,14(2), pp.790-798.